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Plagiarus kidnapper, seducer, plundered

80 AD, Roman Empery. Poet Martial learned that another poet Fidentinus, is reciting his work and takes credit for it. Without possibility to apply for court or use any available legal remedy, Martial wrote a series of verses about Fidentinus to create a diss track about him. This is rather interesting that author was mainly concerned about the lack of payment.

21^st century. The focus on plagiarism is on authorship and originality. Dont plagiarize, respect others and your work!

Academic integrity is the pursuit of scholarly activity in an open, honest and responsible manner Penn State Pennsylvania State University (USA).

Let us briefly remind you the basic values of the academic integrity:

Honesty: give credit to the owner of the work in the form of attribution, acknowledging and respecting their knowledge.

Fairness: be objective and unbiased.

Respect: respect authors and their copyright issues; this can be shown by serious attitude to the study process and provision of the feedback.

Responsibility and courage: be reliable and trustworthy, take responsibility and formulate your opinion.

Plagiarism - a specific form of fraud that involves the misappropriation of someones ideas, thoughts and intellectual property.

Below are presented the most common forms of plagiarism:

Clone: Copying and pasting of a content.

CTRL-C: Containing significant portions of a single source text without alterations.

CTRL-F: Retaining of the source content but replacing of keywords and phrases.

Remix: Combination of retained texts of several sources.

Recycle: Auto plagiarism re-publishing of already published or submitted data.

Hybrid: Combination of perfectly cited sources, although copied passages arent cited.

Mosaic: Multiple sources data are combined .

404 Error: Non-existed sources are cited or inaccurate information about sources is provided.

RSS Feed: Sources are properly cited, although work isnt original.

Re-Post: Citation is proper, although the work is very similar to the sources original wording and/or structure.

Data Plagiarism: Data falsification or fabrication, improper appropriation of other authors work.

Software-Based Text Modification: Change of a content through software (text spinner, translation engine) application for the aim to avoid plagiarism detection.

Use others intellectual property in soundness with the standards of academic integrity! Dont forget respect and citation!

Citation label the text portions that without change are transferred from another source.

Paraphrasing - present the main postulates without change of meaning in your own words.

Summary analyze and briefly present the reviewed information.

Citation of the source - list all used sources; i.e., books, articles, electronic resources, photo-video-audio material, and etc.

Recycle - re-publishing of already published or submitted data; it is considered as auto-plagiarism.

Recycle is mainly the outcome of a lack of awareness on academic integrity issues.

Use citations when presenting your own and other authors data!

What is the reason that student violates the principles of academic integrity and commits academic misconduct or plagiarism?

Principles of academic integrity may be disregarded inadvertently or deliberately.

In first case the reason may be the lack of competence or academic writing skills. Whenever student has difficulty with formulating, paraphrasing, and quoting, they may copy and paste other peoples ideas and statements into their own paper. Regardless of the underlying reasons, such an act is academic misconduct and is considered as a violation of academic integrity principles.

In case of intentional academic misconduct, the student is informed and knowledgeable about plagiarism, although their behavior is intentional and they ignore the principles of academic integrity for various reasons.

Academic misconduct contributes to failure of the student learning path and ensures undesirable academic outcomes.

Respect others and your work and do not become a victim of academic misconduct!

Falsification (synonym fabrication) refers to the unauthorized change, creation, or reporting of data in the process of academic activity.

Examples of falsification/fabrication include the following:

Ghost writer the person who completes the assignment for payment.

Contract cheating the form of academic misconduct when:

The development of technology ensured the access to the information. However, the same technological progress has made it difficult to find reliable and trustworthy data. Unreliable, biased and wrong information can be detected by critical evaluation of the source; that is a cognitive skill. As an alternative to the critical evaluation of each data the usage of scientific databases, libraries, educational and scientific-research institutions websites can be considered. The ability to use these resources is a technical skill.

The ability to use information and communication technologies to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information, requiring both cognitive and technical skills. (ALA, 2011)

Paraphrase presentation of other authors idea by own words without change of meaning; the citation of paraphrase is mandatory.

Word spinner - an online paraphrasing application; it provides a possibility to change words and phrases in the text to avoid similarity with the original and prevent detection of plagiarism.

Word spinner is popular among students when they arent aware of the principles of academic integrity and/or does not spend enough time for assignment.

The application of word spinner disrupts the principles of academic integrity!

The program ChatGPT, built on the principle of artificial intelligence, becomes more and more popular. According to William Hershey, a professor in the Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology at Oregon Health & Science University, it can be used for fast performance of an assignment, although artificial intelligence will never replace humans. ChatGPT cannot make a decision and cannot act as a doctor, lawyer, businessman, since professional ethics and responsibility for the decisions are an important determinant of professional performance in any field.

However, artificial intelligence is useful for information retrieval. According to Professor William Hersh, the IR (Information retrieval) system is effecient for this purpose. Of course, ChatGPT will be developed and society will learn how to use it for its intended purpose, although medicine without humans is incredible. This is a profession where, in addition to knowledge and competence, humanity, empathy and other features characteristic only for humans are important.